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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkem | om ropko |
| 2SG: | ropket | ot ropko |
| 3SG: | ropka | ok/ogeš ropko |
| 1PL: | ropkena | ona/ogə̑na ropko |
| 2PL: | ropkeda | oda/ogə̑da ropko |
| 3PL: | ropkat | ogə̑t ropko |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m ropko |
| 2SG: | ropkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ ropko |
| 3SG: | ropkə̑š | ə̑š ropko |
| 1PL: | ropkə̑šna | ə̑šna ropko |
| 2PL: | ropkə̑šda | ə̑šda ropko |
| 3PL: | ropkə̑št | ə̑št ropko |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkenam | ropken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | ropkenat | ropken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | ropken | ropken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | ropkenna | ropken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | ropkenda | ropken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | ropkenə̑t | ropken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkem ə̑l'e | om ropko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ropket ə̑l'e | ot ropko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ropka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš ropko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ropkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na ropko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ropkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da ropko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ropkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t ropko ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkem ulmaš | om ropko ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ropket ulmaš | ot ropko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ropka ulmaš | ok/ogeš ropko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ropkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na ropko ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ropkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da ropko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ropkat ulmaš | ogə̑t ropko ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkenam ə̑l'e | ropken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ropkenat ə̑l'e | ropken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ropken ə̑l'e | ropken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ropkenna ə̑l'e | ropken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ropkenda ə̑l'e | ropken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ropken ə̑l'e | ropken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkenam ulmaš | ropken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | ropkenat ulmaš | ropken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ropken ulmaš | ropken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | ropkenna ulmaš | ropken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | ropkenda ulmaš | ropken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ropken ulmaš | ropken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ropko | it ropko |
| 3SG: | ropkə̑žo | ə̑nže ropko |
| 1PL: | (ropkena) | (ona/ogə̑na ropko) |
| 2PL: | ropkə̑za | ida ropko |
| 3PL: | ropkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št ropko |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkə̑nem | ə̑nem ropko |
| 2SG: | ropkə̑net | ə̑net ropko |
| 3SG: | ropkə̑neže | ə̑než ropko |
| 1PL: | ropkə̑nena | ə̑nena ropko |
| 2PL: | ropkə̑neda | ə̑neda ropko |
| 3PL: | ropkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt ropko |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ropkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem ropko ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | ropkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net ropko ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | ropkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než ropko ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | ropkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena ropko ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | ropkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda ropko ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | ropkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt ropko ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ropkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net ropko ulmaš |
| 3SG: | ropkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než ropko ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ropkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda ropko ulmaš |
| 3PL: | ropkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt ropko ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ropkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ropkə̑man |
| Active participle: | ropkə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | ropkə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ropkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | ropkə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ropken |
| Negative gerund: | ropkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | ropkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ropkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ropkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | ropkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | ropkə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||